CODING DECODING IN REASONING ABILITY
Case- I To from the code for another word (coding)
Ex-1) In a certain code, TEACHER is written as VGCEJGT .How is children written in that code?
a) EJKNEGTP b) EGKNFITP C) EJKNFGTO d) EJKNFTGP
Solution : Each letter in the word "TEACHER " is moved two steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
T E A C H E R : Ans : V G C E J G T
(Each letter is increasing by 2)
Similarly we have
C H I L D R E N Ans: E J K N F T G D
( Each letter is increasing by 2 )
Ex-2) In a certain code language , RUSTICATE is written as QTTUIDBSD ,How would ( Each letter is increasing by 2 )
STATISTIC be written in thqt code?
a) RSBUJTUHB b) RSBUITUHB c) RSBUIRSJD d)TUBUITUMB
Solution: Clearly , the middle letter of the word remains the same in the code. Each of the first two and the last two letters of the word is moved one step backward ,while each of the remaining letters is moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
R U S T I C A T E
Ans: QTTUIDBSD
Similarly we have
S T A T I S T I C
Ans: RSBUITUHB
So the required code is RSBUITUHB. Hence the answer is b
Ex- 3) If ROAST is coded s PQYUR in a certain language, then how will SLOPPY be coded in coded in that language?
a) MRNAQN b) NRMNQA c) QNMRNA d) RANNMQ
Sol: Clearly the letters in the word ROAST are moved alternately two-step backward and two steps forward to obtain the letters of the code. Thus we have:
R O A S T Ans: (PQYUR). S L O P P Y Ans: (QNMRNA)
So required answer is c
Ques:5) If HEALTH is written as GSKZDG , then how will NORTH be weitten in that Code?
a) OPSUI b) GSQNM C) FRPML d) IUSPO
Sol: Clearly the letters of the given word are written in a reverse order and then each letter is moved one step backward to obtain the code.
Reversing the order of the letter in NORTH, we get HTRON, thus we have
H T R O N Ans: ( G S Q N M ) Hence the answer is b
Ques:6) In a certain code , BREAKTHROUGH is written as EAOUHRBRGHKT. How is
DISTRIBUTION written that code?
a) TISTBUONDIRI B) STTIBUONRIDI c)STTIBUDIONRI d)RISTTIBUDION
e) None of these
Sol: Let us divide the letters of the given word into pair and label there pairs from 1 to 6.
BR EA KT HR OV GH
1 2 3 4 5 6
Clearly ,the code contains there pairs arranged in the order 2 ,5 ,4 . 1 ,6 ,3
Dividing the letters of the word DISTRIBUTION in pairs we have :
DI ST RI BU TI ON
1 2 3 4 5 6
Arranging there in the order 2 ,5 ,4 ,1 ,6 ,3.
we get the requires code that is STTIBUDIONRI Hence the answer is c
Ques-7: In a certain code language ,BEAT is written as a certain code language , BEAT is written as YVZG,then what will be code of MILD?
a) B,E,A,T, are respectively the 2nd ,5th, 1st ,20th letter from the begining
of the English alphabet. Similarly M, I, L, D are respectively the
13th,9th,12th, 4th letters from the begining of the English alphabet ,and the 13th,9th,12th, 4th letters from the begining of the English alphabet are NROW, hence the answer is d
Ques-8:In a certain system of coding ,the word STATEMENT is written as
TNEMETATS.In the same system of coding .what should be the code for the word POLITICAL
a) LACITILOP b) LCATILTOP c)POILITCAL d)none of these
Sol: Clearly the letters of the given word are written in a reverse order to obtain the code. Reversing the order of letters in POLITICAL, we gwt LACITILOP, which is required code ,hence the answer is a
CASE -II: To find the word by analysing the given code(decoding ) .
Ex:On a certain code ,the word ROAD is written as WTFI. Following
the same rule of coding ,what should be the word for the code GJFY?
a)REAP b) TAKE c) BEAT D) LATE
sol: Each letter of the word is five steps behind the corresponding letter of
the code we have
W T F I Ans: R O A D
G J F Y Ans :B E A T
So BEAT is coded as GJFY. Hence the answer is c
Ex:If NARGRUED is the code for GRANDEUR , which word is coded as
SERPEVRE?
Sol:Clearly ,the code has been obtained by writting the first four and the last
four letters of SERPEVRE
SERP/EVRE PRES/ERVE Hence answer is e Q. if in a certain language , ITNIETAM is the code for INTIMATE, which word has the code TREVNIETARBI?
a. INVRETIBRATE b. INVERTIBARTE c. INVERTIBRETA d. INVERTIBRATE e. INVERITBARTE
Soln. our ans (d) . The letters in the first half and the latter half of the code are separately reversed to obtain the word.
Q. If QOSCFLBJO is the code for PORCELAIN , which word is coded as BKMOUSPP?
a).ALTOLROPY b.ALLOTROPY c.ALOTROLPY d. ATLOROPLY e. None of these
Soln. In the code , we have alternately one letter one step ahead of and the other the same as the corresponding letter in the word.
Q.If in a certain language , MACHINE is coded as LBBIHOD, which word would be coded as SLTMFNB?
a. RKSLEMA b.TKULGMC c.RMSNEOA d.TMUNGMC
Soln. In the code , we have alternately one letter one step behind and the other one step ahead of the corresponding letter in the word..
Q.Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below.
The consonants of English alphabet have been coded by using digits 1 to 8 and the vowels have been coded by using different symbols.
Letters | G | B | K | H | Z | M | F |
R | V | C | S | D | Q | X | |
J | N | T | L | W | Y | P | |
Digit | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 7 |
If any vowel is not in the beginning or last , it is coded as 6. If any vowel is at the beginning or in the last , it is coded as 9. However , if the same vowel is placed at both beginning and in the last , it is coded as $ at both the places . Now, choose the correct coded forms of each of the following letter groups.
Q1. AFDQENI
a. 6728949 b.$72864$ c.9728649 d.9728949 e. None of these
Q2.ENIANGE
a.6499456 b.$466453$ c.$4$$45$ d.9466456 e. None of these
Q3. PKDEJHI
a.7126539 b.712653$ c.7129539 d.712$53$ e. none of these
Q4. OPTIONAL
a.67199493 b.97166463 c.$7199493 e. none of these
Q5. EGTARLQE
a.65195386 b.$51$538$ c.95165389 d.$519538$ e. none of these
Soln. 1-(c), 2 (b), 3(a), 4(b), 5(e)
Ex. In each of the questions below, a group of numerals is given, followed by four groups of symbols/letter combination labeled (a), (b), (c), (d). Numerals are to be coded as per the codes and conditions given below. You have to find out which of the combination (a), (b), (c), (d) is correct and indicate your answer accordingly. If none of the four combination represents the correct code, mark ( e) as your answer.
Numerals | 3 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 9 |
Letter/ Symbol code | * | B | E | A | @ | F | K | % | R | M |
Following condition apply:
1. If the first digit as well as the last digit is odd, both are to be coded as X.
2. If the first digit as well as the last digit is even, both are to be coded as $.
3. If the last digit is 0, it is to be coded as #.
1. 546839
a. XAFK*M b. BAFK*M c. XAFK*X d.BAFK*X e. None of the these
2. 713540
a.E%*BA# b. X%*BA# c. X%*BAR d.E%*BAR e. None of the these
3. 765082
a.XFBRK@ b. EFB#K@ c. EFBR#K d.EFBRK@ e. None of the these
4. 487692
a.AKEFM@ b. $KEFM@ c. AKEFM$ d. $KEFM$ e. None of the these
5. 364819
a.XFAK@M b. *FAK%X c. *FAK%M d. *EAK%X e. None of the these
Sol. 1. Clearly, in the given number- group, both the first and last digits are odd no. So, each of them is to be coded as X. The remaining numerals are to be coded with their respective codes from the given table. So, the required code XAFK*X. hence, answer is (C).
2. The last digits in the given number group is 0, which shall thus be coded as #. Choosing the individual Codes for the remaining digits from the given table, we obtain the code for 713540 as E%*BA#. Hence, answer is (a)
4. Each digit of the given number group is to coded by individual letter/symbol code
So, required code is EFBRK@. Hence, the answer is (d)
5. the first and the last digits, both being odd numbers, each of the them is to be coded as X. hence answer is (c).
Type: Substitution
1.If sky is star, star is cloud, cloud is earth, earth is tree, and tree is book, than where do the birds fly ?
a. Cloud b. Sky c. Star d. data inadequate e. None of these
Sol. answer is (c). Birds fly in the sky and as given, sky is star . So birds fly in the star .
2. If orange is called butter, butter is called soap, soap is called ink, ink is called honey and honey is called orange , which of the following is used for washing clothes?
a. honey b. butter c. orange d. soap e. ink
Soln. answer is (e). Clearly , soap is used for washing the clothes. But , soap is called called ink. So, ink is used for washing the clothes.
3. If light is called morning , morning is called dark , dark is called night , night is called sunshine and sunshine is called dusk, when do we sleep?
a. night b. sunshine c. dusk d. dark
Soln. Answer is (b). We sleep in the night . But night is called sunshine . So we sleep in the sunshine.
4. I f blue means green , green means white , white means yellow , yellow means black, black means red and red means brown , then what is the color of milk?
a. black b. brown c. blue d. yellow e. green
Soln. Answer is (e). The colour of milk is white . But as given green means white . So the color of milk is green .
5.If in a language , finger is called toe, toe is called foot , foot is called thumb , thumb is called ankle , ankle is called palm and palm is called knee, then in that languaghe , what will an illiterate man put to mark his signatures?
a.toe b. knee c. Thumb d. ankle
Soln. Anwer is (d). Clearly, an illiterate man puts his thumb to mark his signatures . But as given , thumb is called ankle . So an illiterate man will put his ankle to mark his signatures.
Type- DECIPHERING MESSAGE WORD CODES
EX.1 In a certain language, sun shines brightly is written as ba lo sul, houses are grightly lit as kado ula ari ba and light comes from sun as dopi kup lo nro. What code words are written for sun and brightly?
a. ba, sul b. sul, lo c. lo, ba d.ba, lo
Soln . In the first and third statements , the common word is sun and the common code-word is lo . So , lo is the code for sun . In the first and second statements, the common word is brightly and the common code word is ba . So , ba is the code for brightly. Hence, the answer is (c).
Ex.2. If in a certain language, oka peru means fine cloth , meta lisa means clear water and dona lisa peru means fine clear weather , which word in that language means weather?
Soln . In the first and third statements , the common code word is peru and the common word is fine . S o , peru means fine . In the second and third statements, the common code word is lisa and the common word is clear. so lisa means clear. Thus , in the third statement, lisa means clear and peru means fine . So, dona means weather. Hence the answer is (d).
EX.3 Read the information given below to answer the questions that follow :
In a certain code language ,
i) pit na sa means you are welcome ;
ii) na ho pa la means they are very good ;
iii) ka da la means who is good ;
iv) od ho pit la means they welcome good people .
1. Which of the following means people in that code language ?
a. od b. la c.ho d. pit e. data inadequate
2. Which of the following means very in that code language ?
a. pa b.na c.da d. data inadequate e. none of these
3. Which of the following statements is / are redundant to answer the above two questions?
a. none b. (i) and (ii) c.(ii) or (iv) d. (i) or (iv) e. none of these
Soln .
1. In statements (i) and (iv) , the common code word is pit and the code word is welcome , so , pit means welcome .
In statements (ii) and (iv) the common code words are ho and la and the common words are they and good . So , ho and la mean they and good . Thus , in (iv) , the remaining code word i.e. od means people .
Hence the answer is (a).
2. From 1, we know that ho and la are codes for they and good
Now , in statements (i) and (ii), the common code word is na and the common word is are . So , na means are. Thus , in (ii), the remaining code word i.e. pa means very .
Hence the answer is (a).
3.Clearly , to answer the above two questions, we used statements (i) , (ii), and (iv) and didnot require (iii). So , (iii) is redundant . Hence , the answer is (e).
